List of sources for each of the stories for 2022.
———————
From giant sequoias to crape myrtles: how the Bethel community came together to protect their health through tree planting
By David Ainsworth
Sources
Ali AAsum
Jeremy AAsum
Scott Altenhoff: saltenhoff@eugene-or.gov
Ian Appow: ian@eco-systemsolutions.com
Michealena Bohannon
Nick Boyles
Alison Coluccio
Heidi Lakics
Jere Rosemeyer
Michaela Shannon
Cory Shields
Lin Woodrich: abclinwoodrich@gmail.com
—
“032021JHBaxter.Pdf.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/deq/nr/032021JHBaxter.pdf.
Buhl, Christine, Wyatt Williams, Danny Norlander, Gabi Ritokova, Stephen Calkins, Karen Ripley, Sarah Navarro, Zack Heath, Ben Smith, and Justin Hof. “2020 Forest Health Highlights in Oregon - 2020,” n.d., 42.
“City of Eugene Urban Forest - Public.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://mapping.eugene-or.gov/app/city-of-eugene-urban-forest-public-1.
Duvernay, Adam. “Eugene Wood Treatment Facility J.H. Baxter Fined More than $200,000 for Environmental Violations.” The Register-Guard. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.registerguard.com/story/news/2021/03/04/eugene-wood-treatment-facility-jh-baxter-fined-more-than-200-000-environmental-violations/6911952002/.
“J.H. Baxter Wood Treatment Plant, Known for Pollution Violations, to End Operations Monday.” The Register-Guard. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.registerguard.com/story/news/environment/2022/01/26/jh-baxter-plant-shutting-down-eugene-operations-jan-31-history-pollution-dioxins-hazardous-waste/9228050002/.
“Fifth Oregon Climate Assessment.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://oregonstate.app.box.com/s/7mynjzhda9vunbzqib6mn1dcpd6q5jka.
“Forest Vegetation Simulator Models.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/applied-sciences/fvs-models/.
Tree Equity Score. “Tree Equity Score.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://treeequityscore.org/.
“Treeplotter Canopy.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://pg-cloud.com/EugeneOR/.
Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.jhbaxter.com/.
———————
Rivers, Beautiful and Dammed
River Renaissance
By Eliza Aronson
Sources
Bart Nijssen, University of Washington Civil and Environmental Engineering: nijssen@uw.edu
Guillermo Giannico, Oregon State University Extension Fisheries Specialist: giannico@oregonstate.edu
Dave Thomas, Conservation Chair of the McKenzie Flyfishers and a McKenzie River Steward for the Native Fish Society: davethomas1939@gmail.com
Adam Spencer, Eugene Water and Electric Board Communications Specialist: Adam.Spencer@EWEB.ORG
Chris Konrad, Research Hydrologist with U.S. Geological Survey: cpkonrad@usgs.gov
Michelle Smith, University of Oregon Environmental and Natural Resources Law Research Associate: mesmith2@uoregon.edu
Jamie Holt, Yurok Tribe Lead Fisheries Biologist, jhyurok28@gmail.com
—
“A Trip to the Elwha: Part 6, A Perfect Storm of Opportunity | Interdisciplinary Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics and Environment.” n.d. Accessed April 30, 2022a. https://deohs.washington.edu/edge/blog/trip-elwha-part-6-perfect-storm-opportunity.
“———.” n.d. Accessed April 30, 2022b. https://deohs.washington.edu/edge/blog/trip-elwha-part-6-perfect-storm-opportunity.
“Address at Bonneville Dam, Oregon. | The American Presidency Project.” n.d. Accessed May 16, 2022. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-bonneville-dam-oregon.
admin. n.d. “Dam Indians: The Elwha River | Native American Netroots.” Accessed April 30, 2022. http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/545.
“Agricultural Land Use and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Lowland Temporary Streams of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA | Elsevier Enhanced Reader.” n.d. Accessed April 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.010.
Angeles, Mailing Address: 600 E. Park Avenue Port, and WA 98362 Phone: 360 565-3130 Contact Us. n.d. “Dam Removal - Olympic National Park (U.S. National Park Service).” Accessed April 2, 2022a. https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/nature/dam-removal.htm.
———. n.d. “Elwha River Restoration - Olympic National Park (U.S. National Park Service).” Accessed April 2, 2022b. https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/nature/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm.
———. n.d. “The Elwha Act: P.L. 102-495 - Olympic National Park (U.S. National Park Service).” Accessed April 2, 2022c. https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/historyculture/the-elwha-act.htm.
———. n.d. “Timeline of the Elwha 1940 to 1992 - Olympic National Park (U.S. National Park Service).” Accessed April 30, 2022d. https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/historyculture/timeline-of-the-elwha-1940-to-1992.htm.
“Baseline Studies in the Elwha River Ecosystem Prior to Dam Removal: Introduction to the Special Issue.” n.d. Accessed April 6, 2022. https://bioone.org/journals/northwest-science/volume-82/issue-sp1/0029-344X-82.S.I.1/Baseline-Studies-in-the-Elwha-River-Ecosystem-Prior-to-Dam/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.1.full.
Bellmore, J Ryan, George R Pess, Jeffrey J Duda, Jim E O’Connor, Amy E East, Melissa M Foley, Andrew C Wilcox, et al. 2019. “Conceptualizing Ecological Responses to Dam Removal: If You Remove It, What’s to Come?” BioScience 69 (1): 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy152.
“Biden Admin Reaffirms Commitment to Tribal Treaty Rights, Snake and Columbia River Salmon Recovery | The Spokesman-Review.” n.d. Accessed May 18, 2022. https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2022/apr/04/biden-admin-reaffirms-commitment-to-tribal-treaty-/.
“Biden Administration and Senator Murray & Governor Inslee Move Snake River Salmon Protection Forward.” 2021. Sierra Club. October 27, 2021. https://www.sierraclub.org/washington/blog/2021/10/biden-administration-and-senator-murray-governor-inslee-move-snake-river.
“Bonneville Dam.” n.d. Accessed April 4, 2022. https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/bonneville_dam/.
“Breakthrough in 20+ Year Legal Battle Over Fate of Snake River Salmon.” 2022. Earthjustice. January 3, 2022. https://earthjustice.org/from-the-experts/2021-october/breakthrough-in-20-year-legal-battle-over-fate-of-snake-river-salmon.
Caldwell, Maggie, and Brett VandenHeuvel. n.d. “Fishing, Conservation Groups Take Step to Renew Legal Challenge to Columbia-Snake Hydropower Operations,” 3.
“CTGR Maps | Ceded Lands for the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde.” n.d. Accessed February 22, 2022. https://maps.grandronde.org/PublicGallery/map.html?webmap=a5c84fe1f80743c0911d6782edc20792.
Duda, Jeffrey J., Jerry E. Freilich, and Edward G. Schreiner. 2008. “Baseline Studies in the Elwha River Ecosystem Prior to Dam Removal: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Northwest Science 82 (sp1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.1.
Duda, Jeffrey J., Christian E. Torgersen, Samuel J. Brenkman, Roger J. Peters, Kathryn T. Sutton, Heidi A. Connor, Phil Kennedy, et al. 2021. “Reconnecting the Elwha River: Spatial Patterns of Fish Response to Dam Removal.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2021.765488.
“Fact Sheets: Columbia River Projects - Booklets, Manuals, and Guides - USACE Digital Library.” n.d. Accessed April 9, 2022. https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16021coll11/id/2891.
“Federal Judge Orders Stay in Case Seeking to Remove Snake River Dams.” n.d. Opb. Accessed May 12, 2022. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/10/26/judge-orders-stay-in-case-seeking-to-remove-snake-river-dams/.
Flitcroft, Rebecca, Sarah Lewis, Ivan Arismendi, Chante Davis, Guillermo Giannico, Brooke Penaluna, Mary Santelmann, Mohammad Safeeq, and Jeff Snyder. 2019. “Using Expressed Behaviour of Coho Salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) to Evaluate the Vulnerability of Upriver Migrants under Future Hydrological Regimes: Management Implications and Conservation Planning.” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 29 (7): 1083–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3014.
“For Orcas and Salmon, This Dam Plan Is a Disaster | Earthjustice.” n.d. Accessed May 12, 2022. https://earthjustice.org/blog/2020-march/for-orcas-and-salmon-this-dam-plan-is-a-disaster.
“Free Rivers: The State of Dam Removal in the U.S.” 2022. American Rivers. February 22, 2022. https://www.americanrivers.org/2022/02/new-report-alert-free-rivers-the-state-of-dam-removal-in-the-u-s/.
Greenson, Thadeus. n.d. “Feds Release Klamath Dam Removal Environmental Document.” North Coast Journal. Accessed April 30, 2022. https://www.northcoastjournal.com/NewsBlog/archives/2022/02/25/feds-release-klamath-dam-removal-environmental-document.
“Guillermo Giannico, Ph.D. – Fisheries, Wildlife & Conservation Sciences.” n.d. Accessed April 15, 2022. https://agsci-labs.oregonstate.edu/giannico/.
Hertwich, Edgar G. 2013. “Addressing Biogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydropower in LCA.” Environmental Science & Technology 47 (17): 9604–11. https://doi.org/10.1021/es401820p.
“History.” n.d. Accessed May 12, 2022. https://damsense.org/history/.
“In Klamath River Drought, a Massive Juvenile Salmon Die-Off.” 2021. Undark Magazine. June 1, 2021. https://undark.org/2021/06/01/klamath-river-drought-massive-juvenile-salmon-die-off/.
“Information Concerning Area Dams | Eugene, OR Website.” n.d. Accessed February 22, 2022. https://www.eugene-or.gov/1690/Information-Concerning-Area-Dams.
“Integrated Framework for Ecological Drought across Riverscapes of North America | BioScience | Oxford Academic.” n.d. Accessed April 4, 2022. https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/69/6/418/5482300?login=true.
Jaeger, William K., Adell Amos, Daniel P. Bigelow, Heejun Chang, David R. Conklin, Roy Haggerty, Christian Langpap, et al. 2017. “Finding Water Scarcity amid Abundance Using Human–Natural System Models.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (45): 11884–89. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706847114.
Jaeger, William K., Adell Amos, David R. Conklin, Christian Langpap, Kathleen Moore, and Andrew J. Plantinga. 2019. “Scope and Limitations of Drought Management within Complex Human–Natural Systems.” Nature Sustainability 2 (8): 710–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0326-y.
“Klamath Basin Chinook and Coho Salmon.” n.d. Water Education Foundation. Accessed May 18, 2022. https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/klamath-basin-chinook-and-coho-salmon.
“Klamath River.” n.d. Accessed May 18, 2022. https://www.pacificorp.com/energy/hydro/klamath-river.html.
Mainzer, Elliott. n.d. “We’ve Taken Huge Hits in the Secondary Revenues Market Just like Every Other Hydro Provider up Here, with Cheap Gas, Low Load Growth, and the Oversupply Conditions. It’s Been a Bloodbath for Folks in the Wholesale Market. I’m Not in a Panic Mode, but I Am in a Very, Very Significant Sense of Urgency Mode.,” 6.
“Map of Power Generation in the Northwest | Northwest Power and Conservation Council.” n.d. Accessed April 2, 2022. https://www.nwcouncil.org/energy/energy-topics/power-supply/map-of-power-generation-in-the-northwest/.
“McKenzie River Hydroelectric Projects | EWEB.” n.d. Accessed April 1, 2022. //www.eweb.org/about-us/power-supply/mckenzie-river-hydro-projects.
Mueller-Warrant, G. W., S. M. Griffith, G. W. Whittaker, G. M. Banowetz, W. F. Pfender, T. S. Garcia, and G. R. Giannico. 2012. “Impact of Land Use Patterns and Agricultural Practices on Water Quality in the Calapooia River Basin of Western Oregon.” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 67 (3): 183–201.
“National Inventory of Dams.” n.d. Accessed April 9, 2022. https://nid.usace.army.mil/#/.
“‘Nobody’s Winning’ as Drought Upends Life in US West Basin | The Spokesman-Review.” n.d. Accessed April 1, 2022. https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2021/jul/02/nobodys-winning-as-drought-upends-life-in-us-west-/.
“‘Nobody’s Winning’: Drought Upending Life in US West Basin.” 2021. Santa Rosa Press Democrat. July 2, 2021. https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/water-crisis-reaches-boiling-point-on-oregon-california-line/.
nwenergy. n.d. “The Lower Snake River Dams Power Replacement Study – NW Energy Coalition.” Accessed May 11, 2022. https://nwenergy.org/featured/lsrdstudy/.
Ogston, Lindsey, Sam Gidora, Matthew Foy, and Jordan Rosenfeld. 2015. “Watershed-Scale Effectiveness of Floodplain Habitat Restoration for Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Chilliwack River, British Columbia.” Edited by Michael Bradford. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72 (4): 479–90. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0189.
“On the Northwest’s Snake River, the Case for Dam Removal Grows.” n.d. Yale E360. Accessed May 12, 2022. https://e360.yale.edu/features/on-the-northwests-snake-river-the-case-for-dam-removal-grows.
“Pacific Northwest Hydropower for the 21st Century Power Grid | Northwest Power and Conservation Council.” n.d. Accessed May 11, 2022. https://www.nwcouncil.org/energy/energy-topics/hydropower/.
past, FELIKS BANEL Reporting live from Seattle’s. 2017. “The Power of FDR and the Bonneville Dam.” MyNorthwest.Com. September 20, 2017. https://mynorthwest.com/758088/the-power-of-fdr-and-the-bonneville-dam/.
“Plan Revived for Dam Removal on Klamath River in Oregon, California - OPB.” n.d. Accessed April 4, 2022. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/11/17/klamath-river-dam-removal-oregon-california/.
“Plan to Remove Four Dams on Klamath River Clears Regulatory Hurdle.” n.d. Accessed April 1, 2022. https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/tech/science/environment/2021/06/17/plan-remove-four-dams-klamath-river-clears-regulatory-hurdle/7739493002/.
“Portland District > Locations > Columbia River > Bonneville Lock & Dam.” n.d. Accessed April 9, 2022. https://www.nwp.usace.army.mil/bonneville/.
Reclamation, Bureau of. n.d. “Newsroom | Bureau of Reclamation.” Newsroom. Accessed April 20, 2022. https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/.
Release, Press. n.d. “Failed Federal Water Policy Will Shut down Klamath Basin Food Production for Second Consecutive Year.” Klamath Falls News. Accessed April 20, 2022. https://www.klamathfallsnews.org/news/failed-federal-water-policy-will-shut-down-klamath-basin-food-production-for-second-consecutive-year.
“River Restoration.” n.d. Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. Accessed April 4, 2022. https://www.elwha.org/departments/river-restoration/.
Scherer, Laura, and Stephan Pfister. 2016. “Hydropower’s Biogenic Carbon Footprint.” PLOS ONE 11 (9): e0161947. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161947.
“Secretary Salazar Applauds Beginning of Restoration of Elwha River, Largest in U.S. History.” 2011. September 17, 2011. https://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/Secretary-Salazar-Applauds-Beginning-of-Restoration-of-Elwha-River-Largest-in-US-History.
“Snake River.” n.d. Accessed May 28, 2022. https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/snake_river/.
Spencer, Adam. n.d. EWEB Communications Specialist. Spoke about McKenzie River hydro-projects, watershed conservation projects, fish passage, Leaburg Canal decommission.
“The Klamath River Is the Lifeblood of the Yurok Tribe.” n.d. Outside Online (blog). Accessed April 4, 2022. https://www.outsideonline.com/video/klamath-river-yurok-tribe-dam-removal/.
“The Strength of Salmon.” 2021. American Rivers. December 15, 2021. https://www.americanrivers.org/2021/12/the-strength-of-salmon/.
“The Winners, the Losers, and the Landscape That Might Emerge If the Klamath River Dams Disappear.” 2020. & the West (blog). August 19, 2020. https://andthewest.stanford.edu/2020/the-winners-the-losers-and-the-landscape-that-might-emerge-if-the-klamath-river-dams-disappear/.
“Three Mile Falls Dam Fish Counts | Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife.” n.d. Accessed February 22, 2022. https://myodfw.com/three-mile-falls-dam-fish-counts.
Trobridge, G, and J L Bartholomew. n.d. “Ceratomyxa Shasta,” 4.
“U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.” n.d. Accessed April 4, 2022. https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/u_s__army_corps_of_engineers/.
“USGS Fact Sheet 2011–3097: Elwha River Dam Removal - Rebirth of a River.” n.d. Accessed April 2, 2022. https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3097/.
“Warm Springs Dam.” n.d. Accessed February 22, 2022. https://www.usbr.gov/projects/index.php?id=85.
“Water Resources Department : Dams : Dams : State of Oregon.” n.d. Accessed April 15, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/owrd/programs/streamslakessanddams/dams/pages/default.aspx.
“What We’re Learning Ahead of the World’s Largest Dam-Removal Project.” n.d. Earth Island Journal. Accessed April 20, 2022. https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/largest-dam-removal-project-klamath-river-science/.
White, Seth M., Guillermo Giannico, and Hiram Li. 2014. “A ‘Behaviorscape’ Perspective on Stream Fish Ecology and Conservation: Linking Fish Behavior to Riverscapes.” WIREs Water 1 (4): 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1033.
“Why Restoration of the Lower Snake River Is Necessary to Save Wild Salmon.” 2020. Earthjustice. July 31, 2020. https://earthjustice.org/features/remove-four-lower-snake-river-dams.
“Willamette.” n.d. Accessed April 9, 2022. https://www.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/nwp/teacup/willamette/.
“Willamette Falls Project | Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde.” n.d. Accessed February 22, 2022. https://www.grandronde.org/press-media/project-updates/willamette-falls-project/.
“Workers at Bonneville Dam Site, 1935.” n.d. Accessed April 4, 2022. https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/workers-at-bonneville-dam-site-1935/#.YksL8m7MJfV.
“Yurok Fish Expert Describes Benefits of Dam Removal for Salmon.” 2022. Times-Standard (blog). April 2, 2022. https://www.times-standard.com/2022/04/02/yurok-fish-expert-describes-benefits-of-dam-removal-for-salmon.
———————
Soil, the Forest’s Fragile Foundation
By Skyler Beard
Sources
Cheryl Friesen, Science Liaison for Region 6, cheryl.friesen@usda.gov
Dave Bell, Research Forester with U.S. Forest Service and H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, david.bell@usda.gov
Kate Lajtha, Professor at Oregon State University and Ecologist, Kate.Lajtha@oregonstate.edu
Sydney Katz, Masters Student at University of Oregon, skatz4@uoregon.edu
—
“Biden Administration Announces Plan to Spend Billions to Prevent Wildfires.” n.d. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/19/climate/biden-administration-wildfire-plan.html?searchResultPosition=2.
“Carbon Stored Reflects Timber Harvest History.” 2017. H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest - Oregon State University. March 9, 2017. https://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/research/highlights/carbon-stored-reflects-timber-harvest-history.
Dimick, Dennis. n.d. “Do We Treat Our Soil Like Dirt?,” 4.
“Dr. Law: Role of Forest Ecosystems in Climate Change Mitigation | The Smokey Wire : National Forest News and Views.” n.d. Https://Forestpolicypub.Com/ (blog). Accessed May 12, 2022. https://forestpolicypub.com/2014/03/13/dr-law-role-of-forest-ecosystems-in-climate-change-mitigation/.
FUSEE Fire. 2021. Black Gold - Using Biochar to Prevent Wildfire and Restore Forests. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5TK9BM9HIc.
Greenberg, Cathryn H., and Beverly Collins, eds. 2021. Fire Ecology and Management: Past, Present, and Future of US Forested Ecosystems. Managing Forest Ecosystems, volume 39. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
“History of The Willamette National Forest (Appendices).” n.d. Accessed March 15, 2022. http://npshistory.com/publications/usfs/region/6/willamette/history/app-5.htm.
Kaufmann, Merrill, Daniel Binkley, Peter Fulé, Marlin Johnson, Scott Stephens, and Thomas Swetnam. 2007. “Defining Old Growth for Fire-Adapted Forests of the Western United States.” Ecology and Society 12 (2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02169-120215.
Kelly, Julia, Theresa S. Ibáñez, Cristina Santín, Stefan H. Doerr, Marie-Charlotte Nilsson, Thomas Holst, Anders Lindroth, and Natascha Kljun. 2021. “Boreal Forest Soil Carbon Fluxes One Year after a Wildfire: Effects of Burn Severity and Management.” Global Change Biology 27 (17): 4181–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15721.
Lajtha, Kate, Richard D. Bowden, Susan Crow, István Fekete, Zsolt Kotroczó, Alain Plante, Myrna J. Simpson, and Knute J. Nadelhoffer. 2018. “The Detrital Input and Removal Treatment (DIRT) Network: Insights into Soil Carbon Stabilization.” Science of The Total Environment 640–641 (November): 1112–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.388.
Lesmeister, Damon B., Stan G. Sovern, Raymond J. Davis, David M. Bell, Matthew J. Gregory, and Jody C. Vogeler. 2019. “Mixed‐severity Wildfire and Habitat of an Old‐forest Obligate.” Ecosphere 10 (4). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2696.
NSW DPI Agriculture. 2017. Understanding Soils and Interpreting Soil Tests: What Do All the Numbers Mean? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lC7g1A90HI.
“Oregon 2020 Wildfires Soil Burn Severity - Overview.” n.d. Accessed April 8, 2022. https://uo-online.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=625f05460d774d74bbd89ee60464e4a9.
“Our Good Earth.” n.d.
Page-Dumroese, Deborah, Martin Jurgensen, Dan Neary, Mike Curran, and Carl Trettin. 2010. “Soil Quality Is Fundamental to Ensuring Healthy Forests.” In: Pye, John M.; Rauscher, H. Michael; Sands, Yasmeen; Lee, Danny C.; Beatty, Jerome S., Tech. Eds. 2010. Advances in Threat Assessment and Their Application to Forest and Rangeland Management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-802. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest and Southern Research Stations: 27-36 802: 27–36.
Queensland;, c=AU; o=The State of. n.d. “Soil Carbon | Soil Properties.” Text. corporateName=The State of Queensland; jurisdiction=Queensland. Accessed April 27, 2022. https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/management/soil/soil-properties/carbon.
Rapp, Valerie. n.d. “New Findings About Old-Growth Forests,” 12.
Robbins, William G. 2021. “Oregon and Climate Change: The Age of Megafires in the American West.” Oregon Historical Quarterly 122 (3): 250–77. https://doi.org/10.5403/oregonhistq.122.3.0250.
“Soil Analysis.” n.d. Place-Based Basics.Weebly.Com. Accessed February 18, 2022. https://placebasedbasics.weebly.com/soil-analysis.html.
“Soil Sampling Protocol.” n.d. Accessed March 10, 2022. http://www.css.cornell.edu/extension/soil-health/sampling.pdf.
“Table of Solutions.” 2020. Project Drawdown. February 5, 2020. https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/table-of-solutions.
“Tracing the History of Fire in the Willamette Valley.” n.d. Accessed February 24, 2022. https://www.firescience.gov/projects/briefs/04-2-1-115_FSBrief98.pdf.
Walsh, Megan K., Jennifer R. Marlon, Simon J. Goring, Kendrick J. Brown, and Daniel G. Gavin. 2015. “A Regional Perspective on Holocene Fire–Climate–Human Interactions in the Pacific Northwest of North America.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 105 (6): 1135–57.
Washington State Department of Natural Resources. 2021. DNR Report | Biochar the Wonder Charcoal. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQOfYe0B_UM.
“What Is Peat?” n.d. International Peatland Society. Accessed March 7, 2022. https://peatlands.org/peat/peat/.
Wilson, Kristen, and Dale Johnson. 2021. Chapter 8: Ecoregion 6.2.12 Sierra Nevada: Sagehen Experimental Forest, California. in Ryan, Douglas F., Ed. 2021. Biological Responses to Stream Nutrients: A Synthesis of Science from Experimental Forests and Ranges. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-981. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 522 p.
Zald, Harold S. J., and Christopher J. Dunn. 2018. “Severe Fire Weather and Intensive Forest Management Increase Fire Severity in a Multi-Ownership Landscape.” Ecological Applications 28 (4): 1068–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1710.
———————
Pollen Perseverance
By Jessica Brewer
Sources
Sierra Raha, UO Club Softball Outfielder
Dr. Kraig Jacobson, Oregon Allergy Associates
Judith Moran, Oregon Allergy Associates
—
National Allergy Bureau. “American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology,” 2022. https://pollen.aaaai.org/#/.
Anderegg, William R. L., John T. Abatzoglou, Leander D. L. Anderegg, Leonard Bielory, Patrick L. Kinney, and Lewis Ziska. “Anthropogenic Climate Change Is Worsening North American Pollen Seasons.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (February 16, 2021): e2013284118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013284118.
Bugos, Claire. “Climate Change Is Driving Longer, More Severe Pollen Seasons, Study Finds.” Verywell Health, February 19, 2021. https://www.verywellhealth.com/climate-change-allergy-pollen-season-5112886.
“Cleaner Air Oregon Community.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.lrapa.org/338/Community-Engagement.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Climate Change Indicators: Ragweed Pollen Season,” July 1, 2016. https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-ragweed-pollen-season.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate,” June 27, 2016. https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate.
Darling, Dylan. “Eugene’s Dry Spell Nears Record Length.” The Register Guard. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.registerguard.com/story/news/2018/08/30/eugene-s-dry-spell-nears/985184007/.
DEQ. “Department of Environmental Quality: State of Oregon.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/DEQ/Pages/index.aspx.
“Eugene Tops List of Worst Places for Allergy Sufferers.” Daily Emerald, November 2, 2018. https://www.dailyemerald.com/archives/eugene-tops-list-of-worst-places-for-allergy-sufferers/article_2b358806-c704-5547-b58a-e43f087df488.html.
Gould, Stephen Jay. “The Panda’s Thumb,” 1980. https://files.zotero.net/eyJleHBpcmVzIjoxNjU0ODU5Nzk0LCJoYXNoIjoiN2VmNTA1MmU0YjgzMmQ4YzBkZjY5ZGQwODRhYjkwMDkiLCJjb250ZW50VHlwZSI6ImFwcGxpY2F0aW9uXC9wZGYiLCJjaGFyc2V0IjoiIiwiZmlsZW5hbWUiOiJHb3VsZC5wZGYifQ%3D%3D/6f7342cd555aad9ee29e620f103402127cff94b0e07ccf0afbcef5abfaada8a3/Gould.pdf.
Harlan, Sharon L, and Darren M Ruddell. “Climate Change and Health in Cities: Impacts of Heat and Air Pollution and Potential Co-Benefits from Mitigation and Adaptation.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 126–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2011.01.001.
Kimmerer, Robin. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants. Milkweed Editions, 2015. https://milkweed.org/book/braiding-sweetgrass.
Lipton, Eric. “Big Environmental Impacts on Small Communities Is Story That Must Be Told.” SEJ, June 26, 2019. https://www.sej.org/publications/features/big-environmental-impacts-small-communities-story-must-be-told.
Oregon State University. “Engaging Local Communities in Air Sampling.” Pacific Northwest Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, July 20, 2015. https://ehsc.oregonstate.edu/cb-air.
Pacheco, Susan E., Guillermo Guidos-Fogelbach, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Ruby Pawankar, Gennaro D’ Amato, Patricia Latour-Staffeld, Marylin Urrutia-Pereira, Matthew J. Kesic, and Michelle L. Hernandez. “Climate Change and Global Issues in Allergy and Immunology.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 148, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 1366–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.011.
ACAAI Public Website. “Pollen Allergy | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment,” April 23, 2018. https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/pollen-allergies/.
Oregon Allergy Associates. “Pollen Counts | Oregon Allergy Associates,” July 13, 2020. https://www.oregonallergyassociates.com/pollen-counts/, https://www.oregonallergyassociates.com/pollen-counts/.
Polverino, Mario, Francesca Polverino, Marco Fasolino, Filippo Andò, Antonio Alfieri, and Francesco De Blasio. “Anatomy and Neuro-Pathophysiology of the Cough Reflex Arc.” Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine 7, no. 1 (June 18, 2012): 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-7-5.
Oregon Allergy Associates. “Services | Oregon Allergy Associates,” July 13, 2020. https://www.oregonallergyassociates.com/services/, https://www.oregonallergyassociates.com/services/.
Staff, News. “Eugene Again Tops List of Worst US Cities for Allergy Sufferers.” KVAL, June 4, 2020. https://kval.com/news/local/eugene-again-tops-list-of-worst-us-cities-for-allergy-sufferers.
Steiner, Yingxiao Zhang, Allison L. “Climate Change Is Making Allergy Season Even Worse.” The Atlantic, March 20, 2022. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/03/climate-change-allergies-pollen/627103/.
Taylor, Philip E., Kraig W. Jacobson, James M. House, and M. Michael Glovsky. “Links between Pollen, Atopy and the Asthma Epidemic.” International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 144, no. 2 (2007): 162–70. https://doi.org/10.1159/000103230.
Trosman, Irina. “Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Review of the 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines.” Pediatric Annals 42, no. 10 (October 2013): 195–99. https://doi.org/10.3928/00904481-20130924-09.
Lane Regional Air Protection Agency. “Yearly Data Summaries | Lane Regional Air Protection Agency, OR.” Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.lrapa.org/239/Yearly-Data-Summaries.
Ziska, Lewis, Kim Knowlton, Christine Rogers, Dan Dalan, Nicole Tierney, Mary Ann Elder, Warren Filley, et al. “Recent Warming by Latitude Associated with Increased Length of Ragweed Pollen Season in Central North America.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108, no. 10 (March 8, 2011): 4248–51. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1014107108.
———————
Living in Limbo Along the McKenzie
By Collin Bell
Sources
Andrew Carrino and Sarita Carrino
John Abatzoglou: jabatzoglou@ucmerced.edu
Camille Stevens-Rumann: C.Stevens-Rumann@colostate.edu
Dana Burwell: burwellfarm@msn.com
Devin Thompson: executivedirector@mckenzievalleyltrg.org
Jack and Judy Rose
Marianne Nolte: marianne.nolte@lanecountyor.gov
Andres Holz: andres.holz@pdx.edu
John Bailey: john.bailey@oregonstate.edu
—
“431 Homes Destroyed by Holiday Farm Fire; More Info Available Now via Online Database | KVAL.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://kval.com/news/local/431-homes-destroyed-by-holiday-farm-fire-more-info-available-now-via-online-database.
Bell, David M., John B. Bradford, and William K. Lauenroth. “Early Indicators of Change: Divergent Climate Envelopes between Tree Life Stages Imply Range Shifts in the Western United States.” Global Ecology and Biogeography 23, no. 2 (2014): 168–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12109.
“Changing Wildfire, Changing Forests: The Effects of Climate Change on Fire Regimes and Vegetation in the Pacific Northwest, USA | Fire Ecology | Full Text.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://fireecology.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42408-019-0062-8.
Chelton, Dudley. “Fifth Oregon Climate Assessment,” n.d., 5.
“Climate Change Is Transforming Western Forests. And That Could Have Big Consequences Far beyond Wildfires.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://coloradosun.com/2019/07/25/climate-change-reshaping-western-forests/
“Climate Will Increasingly Determine Post-Fire Tree Regeneration Success in Low-Elevation Forests, Northern Rockies, USA-Web of Science Core Collection.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000456857400027.
“Conflagration.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://express.adobe.com/page/21ExzWou3uiJx/?fbclid=IwAR2TOaV6lYkoJdVkrujyiOC8Y3AzwwFVEOHgNeAas97wQqVdb6Pdw2cY-DU.
David M. Bell, John B. Bradford, and William K. Lauenroth. “Early Indicators of Change: Divergent Climate Envelopes between Tree Life Stages Imply Range Shifts in the Western United States,” n.d.
Dodson, Erich Kyle, and Heather Taylor Root. “Conifer Regeneration Following Stand-Replacing Wildfire Varies along an Elevation Gradient in a Ponderosa Pine Forest, Oregon, USA.” Forest Ecology and Management 302 (August 15, 2013): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.050.
“ETARTReport-HolidayFarm.Pdf.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://gscdn.govshare.site/1aa8ace4addf06592a8d7dcb775413bf10fd1ec6/ETARTReport-HolidayFarm.pdf.
“Governor of Oregon : 404 Page Not Found : State of Oregon.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/gov/policy/Documents/WERC-2020/Wildfire%20Report%20FINAL.pdf.
“Governor of Oregon : 404 Page Not Found : State of Oregon.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/gov/policy/Documents/WERC-2020/Wildfire%20Report%20FINAL.pdf.
“Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire across Western US Forests | PNAS.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1607171113.
“July 2020 Wildfires Report | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/fire/202007.
Korb, Julie E., Paula J. Fornwalt, and Camille S. Stevens-Rumann. “What Drives Ponderosa Pine Regeneration Following Wildfire in the Western United States?” Forest Ecology and Management. 454: 117663. 454 (2019): 117663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117663.
“Lane County Fire Damage Assessments.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://lcgisorg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=da9661d4abb5488592a3ddbdc426a854.
“Large Wildfire Trends in the Western United States, 1984–2011 - Dennison - 2014 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014GL059576.
“Oregon Department of Forestry : 404 Page Not Found : State of Oregon.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/odf/Documents/fire/odf-century-fire-history-chart.pdf.
“Recovery — McKenzie Rebuilds.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.mckenzierebuilds.org/recovery.
“Redirecting.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/fire/202007&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1654633935792343&usg=AOvVaw0SPzufF6nDAddjusLCB0uB.
Stevens-Rumann, Camille S., Kerry B. Kemp, Philip E. Higuera, Brian J. Harvey, Monica T. Rother, Daniel C. Donato, Penelope Morgan, and Thomas T. Veblen. “Evidence for Declining Forest Resilience to Wildfires under Climate Change.” Ecology Letters 21, no. 2 (2018): 243–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12889.
Stevens-Rumann, Camille S., and Penelope Morgan. “Tree Regeneration Following Wildfires in the Western US: A Review.” Fire Ecology 15, no. 1 (December 2019): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-019-0032-1.
“The Science of How Climate Change Impacts Fires in the West.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/climate-change-increases-risk-fires-western-us.
“This Vast Wildfire Lab Is Helping Foresters Prepare for a Hotter Planet - The New York Times.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/climate/fire-forest-management-bootleg-oregon.html?searchResultPosition=1.
KLCC | NPR for Oregonians. “U.S. Basketball Academy Now Host To Temporary Housing For Wildfire Refugees,” August 6, 2021. https://www.klcc.org/disasters-accidents/2021-08-06/u-s-basketball-academy-now-host-to-temporary-housing-for-wildfire-refugees.
“Web of Science.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000456857400027.
“Wildfire Took These Families’ Homes. Here’s Why They Stay. - The New York Times.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/09/07/us/oregon-wildfires.html?searchResultPosition=6.
“World of Change: Global Temperatures.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/global-temperatures.
———————
A tale of two fish
By Clayton Franke
Sources
Erik Withalm, manager of Leaburg Hatchery, Leaburg.HATCHERY@odfw.oregon.gov
Chris Daughters, fishing guide, caddiseug@aol.com
Christer LaBrecque, McKenzie River Trust, christer@mckenzieriver.org
Dave Thomas, Native Fish Society, davethomas1939@gmail.com
Mike Reardon, fishing guide
Dave Sheffield, fishing guide
Justin Williams
—
Dunham, Jason B., Paul L. Angermeier, Shelley D. Crausbay, Amanda E. Cravens, Hannah Gosnell, Jamie McEvoy, Max A. Moritz, Nejem Raheem, and Todd Sanford. 2018. “Rivers Are Social–Ecological Systems: Time to Integrate Human Dimensions into Riverscape Ecology and Management.” WIREs Water 5 (4): e1291. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1291.
Halverson, Anders. 2011. An Entirely Synthetic Fish: How Rainbow Trout Beguiled America and Overran the World. Yale University Press.
“Leaburg Hatchery.” n.d., 16.
“Lower McKenzie Wild Trout Population Study.” n.d. Google My Maps. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1JjX3uLryQhHHgHWqZvws13Vl02w.
Ogston, Lindsey, Sam Gidora, Matthew Foy, and Jordan Rosenfeld. 2015. “Watershed-Scale Effectiveness of Floodplain Habitat Restoration for Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Chilliwack River, British Columbia.” Edited by Michael Bradford. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72 (4): 479–90. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0189.
“OLD MCKENZIE FISH HATCHERY c.1930.” n.d. McKenzie History Highway (blog). Accessed June 7, 2022. https://mckenziehistoryhwy.org/settlements/leaburg/old-mckenzie-fish-hatchery/.
“Restoring Finn Rock Reach - McKenzie River Trust | Protecting Lands in Western Oregon.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://mckenzieriver.org/restoring-finn-rock-reach/.
“Roaring River Hatchery.” n.d., 15.
“Willamette National Forest - Resource Management.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/willamette/landmanagement/resourcemanagement/?cid=fseprd584204.
———————
Burn Morels: A Phoenix Rises
By Karl Furlong
Sources
Skyla Patton: patton.skyla@gmail.com
Brian Huntamer
Larry Evans: fungus@fungaljungal.org
Trent Blizzard: trent@trentblizzard.com
—
Claridge, Andrew W., James M. Trappe, and Karen Hansen. 2009. “Do Fungi Have a Role as Soil Stabilizers and Remediators after Forest Fire?” Forest Ecology and Management 257 (3): 1063–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.011.
Hart, Stephen C., Thomas H. DeLuca, Gregory S. Newman, M. Derek MacKenzie, and Sarah I. Boyle. 2005. “Post-Fire Vegetative Dynamics as Drivers of Microbial Community Structure and Function in Forest Soils.” Forest Ecology and Management, Forest Soils Research: Theory, Reality and its Role in TechnologY, 220 (1): 166–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.012.
Izzo, Antonio, Megan Canright, and Thomas D. Bruns. 2006. “The Effects of Heat Treatments on Ectomycorrhizal Resistant Propagules and Their Ability to Colonize Bioassay Seedlings.” Mycological Research 110 (2): 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2005.08.010.
Larson, Andrew J., C. Alina Cansler, Seth G. Cowdery, Sienna Hiebert, Tucker J. Furniss, Mark E. Swanson, and James A. Lutz. 2016. “Post-Fire Morel (Morchella) Mushroom Abundance, Spatial Structure, and Harvest Sustainability.” Forest Ecology and Management 377 (October): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.038.
Pilz, David, Nancy S Weber, M Carol Carter, Catherine G Parks, and Randy Molina. 2004. “Productivity and Diversity of Morel Mushrooms in Healthy, Burned, and Insect-Damaged Forests of Northeastern Oregon.” Forest Ecology and Management 198 (1): 367–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.028.
Oregon’s Beavers: Pests or Saviors?
By Justin Grossweiner
Sources
Dr James Taylor
Vanessa Petro
Amy Patrick
—
Arjo, Wendy M., and Dale L. Nolte. “Boomer or Bust: Managing a Pacific Northwest Pest Species.” Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference, January 24, 2019. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89h79550.
Castillo, Elizabeth. “Restoration Project Aims to Transform Floodplain.” opb. OPB, October 6, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/09/29/restoration-project-aims-to-transform-floodplain/.
Endter-Wada, Joanna, Karin M. Kettenring, and Ariana Sutton-Grier. “Protecting Wetlands for People: Strategic Policy Action Can Help Wetlands Mitigate Risks and Enhance Resilience.” Environmental Science & Policy 108 (2020): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.01.016.
Fairfax, Emily, and Andrew Whittle. “Smokey the Beaver: Beaver‐Dammed Riparian Corridors Stay Green during Wildfire throughout the Western United States.” Ecological Applications 30, no. 8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2225.
Flatt, Courtney. “Government Agency Says It Will Stop Killing the Beaver State's Beavers to Help Its Salmon.” opb. OPB, June 2, 2020. https://www.opb.org/news/article/government-will-stop-killing-beavers-help-salmon/.
Goldfarb, Ben. “How Beavers Became North America's Best Firefighter.” Animals. National Geographic, May 3, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/beavers-firefighters-wildfires-california-oregon.
Goldfarb, Ben. “They Will Build It.” bioGraphic, October 22, 2019. https://www.biographic.com/they-will-build-it/.
“Guidelines for Relocation of Beaver in Oregon.” Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, December 21, 2017. https://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/living_with/docs/Oregon_Beaver_Relocation_Requirements_Forms.pdf.
Hood, Glynnis A., and Suzanne E. Bayley. “Beaver (Castor Canadensis) Mitigate the Effects of Climate on the Area of Open Water in Boreal Wetlands in Western Canada.” Biological Conservation 141, no. 2 (2008): 556–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.003.
“Living With Wildlife: American Beaver.” Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/living_with/docs/beaver.pdf.
“Oregon Rejects Petition to Increase Protections for Beavers.” Defenders of Wildlife, November 13, 2020. https://defenders.org/newsroom/oregon-rejects-petition-increase-protections-beavers.
Sherriff, Lucy. “Bringing Beavers Back to the Beaver State.” opb. OPB, May 1, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/04/30/upper-klamath-basin-tribes-oregon-laws-beavers/.
Whitcomb, Isobel. “Beaver Dams Help Wildfire-Ravaged Ecosystems Recover Long after Flames Subside.” Scientific American. Scientific American, February 7, 2022. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/beaver-dams-help-wildfire-ravaged-ecosystems-recover-long-after-flames-subside/.
———————
Air Quality Monitoring in Lane County
By Ellen Israel
Sources
Arjorie Arberry-Baribeault: aab@beyondtoxics.org
Travis Knudsen: travis@LRAPA.ORG
Margaret Miller: Margaret.MILLER@deq.oregon.gov
Lin Woodrich: abclinwoodrich@gmail.com
—
“Air Quality Sensors | Lane Regional Air Protection Agency, OR.” Accessed June 8, 2022. https://www.lrapa.org/307/Air-Quality-Sensors.
deSouza, Priyanka, and Patrick L. Kinney. “On the Distribution of Low-Cost PM2.5 Sensors in the US: Demographic and Air Quality Associations.” Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 31, no. 3 (May 2021): 514–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00328-2.
Douglas, Jessica. “EPA Supports Neighborhood Facing Toxic Air.” Eugene Weekly. Accessed June 8, 2022. https://eugeneweekly.com/2019/10/10/epa-supports-neighborhood-facing-toxic-air/.
Duvernay, Adam. “How Lane County Knows When the Air Is Bad for Your Health.” The Register-Guard. Accessed June 8, 2022. https://www.registerguard.com/story/news/environment/2022/01/21/lrapa-air-quality-monitors-lane-county-eugene-oakridge-lane-regional-air-protection-agency-pm-2-5/9160736002/.
PurpleAir, Inc. “Air Quality Sensors.” Accessed June 8, 2022. https://www2.purpleair.com/products/list.
“Real-Time Air Quality Map.” Accessed June 8, 2022. https://map.purpleair.com/1/mAQI/a10/p604800/cC0?select=109594#12.22/44.0546/-121.35132.
US EPA, ORD. “Air Sensor Toolbox.” Collections and Lists, April 8, 2016. https://www.epa.gov/air-sensor-toolbox.
———————
Struggling to Breathe
By Ellen Israel
Sources
Arjorie Arberry-Baribeault: aab@beyondtoxics.org
Lisa Arkin: larkin@beyondtoxics.org
Alison Coluccio
Mysti Frost
Travis Knudsen: travis@LRAPA.ORG
Margaret Miller: Margaret.MILLER@deq.oregon.gov
Dr. Diana Rohlman: diana.rohlman@oregonstate.edu
Lin Woodrich: abclinwoodrich@gmail.com
—
Beyond Toxics. MEETING RECORDING - Chronic Toxic Polluters: Tackling Public Health and Pollution in Eugene, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8yl6tUC6Yw.
Bull, Brian. “Months after Its Closure, a Cloud Still Hangs over J.H. Baxter’s Eugene Plant.” KLCC. June 2, 2022. https://www.klcc.org/2022-06-02/months-after-its-closure-a-cloud-still-hangs-over-j-h-baxters-eugene-plant.
Darling, Dylan. “DEQ fines Eugene wood preserver J.H. Baxter & Co. $223,440 for hazardous waste and water quality violations.” Department of Environmental Quality. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/deq/Programs/Documents/jhBaxter-enforcementNR.pdf.
“Department of Environmental Quality : J.H. Baxter : Projects : State of Oregon.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/deq/Programs/Pages/JH-Baxter.aspx.
Duvernay, Adam. “DEQ Fines JH Baxter over Stormwater, Hazardous Waste Issues.” Register Guard. May 10,2022. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.registerguard.com/story/news/2022/05/10/oregon-department-environmental-quality-fines-jh-baxter-stormwater-hazardous-waste/65354546007/.
“Initial Assessment of Hazardous Emission Impacts from the J.H. Baxter Wood Treatment Facility in Eugene, Oregon.” Lane Regional Air Protection Agency. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.lrapa.org/DocumentCenter/View/6053/Initial-Assessment-of-Hazardous-Emission-Impacts-from-the-JH-Baxter-Wood-Treatment-Facility-in-Eugene-Oregon.
Jensen, Peter and Lisa Arkin. “Ask City for Change to Prevent More Baxter-like Pollution Issues Now Facing West Eugene.” Register Guard. May 15, 2022. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.beyondtoxics.org/blog/2022/05/chronic-creosote-polluter-ends-operations-in-eugene/.
J.H. Baxter Community Engagement Core Team Meeting Minutes, December 2020. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/deq/Programs/Documents/JHBaxter-121020Summary.pdf.
J.H. Baxter Community Engagement Core Team Meeting Minutes, March 2021. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/deq/Programs/Documents/jhbCoreMeetSum030321.pdf.
Lane Regional Air Protection Agency Board of Directors Meeting Minutes, May 2021. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.lrapa.org/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_05132021-163.
“Learn about Dioxins.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, January 28, 2014. https://www.epa.gov/dioxin/learn-about-dioxin.
“Public Health Consultation Follow-Up J.H. Baxter Health Assessment Based on New Air Monitoring Data.” Oregon Department of Human Services. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/HEALTHYENVIRONMENTS/TRACKINGASSESSMENT/ENVIRONMENTALHEALTHASSESSMENT/Documents/PHC_JHBaxter_2_FINAL.pdf.
“The Eugene Public Health Overlay Zone.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.beyondtoxics.org/work/environmental-justice/the-public-health-overlay-zone/.
“The J.H. Baxter & Co. Wood Treatment Facility in West Eugene.” Accessed June 7, 2022. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/61e11e3a99a54ff784a68ffacaccffcc.
“Update: New Sampling Schedule for Soil Sampling in Residential Yards near J.H. Baxter & Co. Wood Treatment Facility in Eugene.” Department of Environmental Quality. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/deq/Programs/Documents/jhbUpdateSampling.pdf.
“W Eugene Cancer Infographic.” Oregon Health Authority. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/HEALTHYENVIRONMENTS/TRACKINGASSESSMENT/ENVIRONMENTALHEALTHASSESSMENT/Documents/w-eugene_cancer_infographic.pdf.
———————
Blue River
by Rita Sabler
Sources
Melanie Stanley, Owner of the General Store the unofficial mayor of Blue River
Cliff Richardson, Retired logger
Lane Tompkins, Superintendent/Principal of McKenzie School
—
“FEMAT-1993-ExecSum.Pdf.” n.d. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://www.fs.fed.us/r6/reo/library/downloads/documents/FEMAT-1993-ExecSum.pdf.
“Hannarose McGuinness – Eugene Weekly.” n.d. Accessed June 10, 2022a. https://eugeneweekly.com/author/hannarose-mcguinness/.
“———.” n.d. Accessed June 10, 2022b. https://eugeneweekly.com/author/hannarose-mcguinness/.
“NWFP_Oregon_Map.Pdf.” n.d. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://oregonwild.org/sites/default/files/pdf-files/NWFP_Oregon_Map.pdf.
———————
Forests After Fire: Two Paths of Western Oregon Reforestation
By Gino Savaria
Sources
Tim Argo: targo@blm.gov
John Bailey: john.bailey@oregonstate.edu
Brian Dally: brian.dally@odf.oregon.gov
Don Kaczmarek: don.kaczmarek@odf.oregon.gov
Dan Kintigh: kmhtree@aol.com
Klaus Puettmann: klaus.puettmann@oregonstate.edu
Kenny Rose: kennyr@giustina.com
James Rudisill: James.Rudisill@usda.gov
Rob Titcomb: rtitcomb@blm.gov
—
Augustynczik, Andrey L. D., Thomas Asbeck, Marco Basile, Marlotte Jonker, Anna Knuff, Rasoul Yousefpour, and Marc Hanewinkel. “Reconciling Forest Profitability and Biodiversity Conservation under Disturbance Risk: The Role of Forest Management and Salvage Logging.” Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 9 (2020): 940-. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abad5a.
Churchill, Derek J., Sean MA Jeronimo, Paul F. Hessburg, C. Alina Cansler, Nicholas A. Povak, Van R. Kane, James A. Lutz, and Andrew J. Larson. “Post-Fire Landscape Evaluations in Eastern Washington, USA: Assessing the Work of Contemporary Wildfires.” Forest Ecology and Management 504 (2022): 119796-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119796.
Cody, Kristin. “Forest Practices Technical Note Number 2,” n.d., 11.
COHEN, W. B., T. A. SPIES, and M. FIORELLA. “Estimating the Age and Structure of Forests in a Multi-Ownership Landscape of Western Oregon, U.S.A.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 16, no. 4 (1995): 721–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954436.
Coppoletta, Michelle, Kyle E. Merriam, and Brandon M. Collins. “Post-Fire Vegetation and Fuel Development Influences Fire Severity Patterns in Reburns.” Ecological Applications 26, no. 3 (2016): 686–99. https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0225.
Donovan, Victoria, Caleb Roberts, Carissa Wonkka, David Wedin, and Dirac Twidwell. “Ponderosa Pine Regeneration, Wildland Fuels Management, and Habitat Conservation: Identifying Trade-Offs Following Wildfire.” Forests 10, no. 3 (2019): 286-. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10030286.
“Economics.” Accessed June 9, 2022. https://oregonforests.org/economics.
Hessburg, Paul F., Derek J. Churchill, Andrew J. Larson, Ryan D. Haugo, Carol Miller, Thomas A. Spies, Malcolm P. North, et al. “Restoring Fire-Prone Inland Pacific Landscapes: Seven Core Principles.” Landscape Ecology 30, no. 10 (2015): 1805–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0218-0.
Leverkus, Alexandro B., Inés Polo, Claire Baudoux, Simon Thorn, Lena Gustafsson, Rafael Rubio de Casas, and Michał Bogdziewicz. “Resilience Impacts of a Secondary Disturbance: Meta‐analysis of Salvage Logging Effects on Tree Regeneration.” The Journal of Ecology 109, no. 9 (2021): 3224–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13581.
“Region 6 - Home.” Accessed June 9, 2022. https://www.fs.usda.gov/detailfull/r6/home/?cid=fseprd867585&width=full.
Robbins, William G. “Oregon and Climate Change: The Age of Megafires in the American West.” Oregon Historical Quarterly 122, no. 3 (2021): 250–77. https://doi.org/10.5403/oregonhistq.122.3.0250.
Scott L Stephens, Mike A Battaglia, Derek J Churchill, Brandon M Collins, Michelle Coppoletta, Chad M Hoffman, Jamie M Lydersen, et al. “Forest Restoration and Fuels Reduction: Convergent or Divergent?” Bioscience 71, no. 1 (2021): 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa134.
Tepley, Alan J., Enrique Thomann, Thomas T. Veblen, George L. W. Perry, Andrés Holz, Juan Paritsis, Thomas Kitzberger, Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira, and Emily Lines. “Influences of Fire–Vegetation Feedbacks and Post‐fire Recovery Rates on Forest Landscape Vulnerability to Altered Fire Regimes.” The Journal of Ecology 106, no. 5 (2018): 1925–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12950.
Tepley, Alan J., Jonathan R. Thompson, Howard E. Epstein, and Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira. “Vulnerability to Forest Loss through Altered Postfire Recovery Dynamics in a Warming Climate in the Klamath Mountains.” Global Change Biology 23, no. 10 (2017): 4117–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13704.
———————
Just Keep Swimming… Even Through Wildfires
By Jenna Travers
Sources
Rebecca Flitcroft, US Forest Service Research Fish Biologist, rebecca.flitcroft@usda.gov
Christer LaBrecque, McKenzie River Trust Restoration Projects Manager, christer@mckenzieriver.org
—
Bull, Brian. 2021. “Residents Recount the Terror of the Holiday Farm Fire One Year Later.” OPB, September 8, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/09/08/residents-recount-terror-of-holiday-farm-fire-one-year-later/.
“Deer Creek Floodplain Enhancement.” 2020. US Forest Service. 2020. https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/willamette/landmanagement/resourcemanagement/?cid=fseprd530554.
“McKenzie River Trust.” 2022. McKenzie River Trust. 2022. https://mckenzieriver.org/.
NOAA Fisheries. 2022. “Upper Willamette River Chinook Salmon | NOAA Fisheries.” NOAA. West Coast. May 13, 2022. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/west-coast/endangered-species-conservation/upper-willamette-river-chinook-salmon.
Normandeau Associates, Inc., Cole Lindsey, Mark Morasch, and Matt Paulsen. 2019. “Spring Chinook Salmon Spawning Surveys in the Upper Willamette River Basin in 2019.” U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. https://pweb.crohms.org/tmt/documents/FPOM/2010/Willamette_Coordination/Willamette%20HMT/Fish%20counts/FINAL%20Willamette%20Spawning%20Ground%20Surveys%20Report%202019_4-10-2020.pdf.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2005. “Willamette Spring Chinook.” 2. Oregon Native Fish Status Report. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.
Oregon Sea Grant. 1999. “Chinook Salmon: Life in the Watershed.” Oregon State University.
“Restoring Finn Rock Reach.” 2021. McKenzie River Trust. 2021. https://mckenzieriver.org/restoring-finn-rock-reach/.
“South Fork Floodplain Enhancement.” 2019. McKenzie Watershed Council. 2019. https://www.mckenziewc.org/south-fork-floodplain-enhancement/.
Map Layers
Behrman, Sarah. 2021. “Perimeters of the 2020 Oregon Wildfires from the National Interagency Fire Center.” Feature Layer. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. https://uo-online.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=f7df1122610d45728e6e965ce036d531.
Bowers, Jon K., Ruth Schellbach, and David L. Bradford. 2015. “Spring Chinook: Oregon Fish Habitat Distribution.” Feature Layer. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/arcgis/rest/services/FHD/OregonFishHabitatDistribution/MapServer/4.
FEMA. 2019. “This Dataset Depicts the General Boundaries of the California Coastal Chinook Salmon.” Feature Layer. FEMA. https://uo-online.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=e8989f2666ae476683e8dcf057b3fbb2.
Lindsjor. 2022a. “Soil Burn Severity for Oregon’s 2020 Wildfires (Data Source: USDA Forest Service).” Feature Layer. Oregon State University GISci. https://uo-online.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=625f05460d774d74bbd89ee60464e4a9.
Lindsjor. 2022b. “Vegetation Mortality for Oregon’s 2020 Wildfires (Data Source: USDA Forest Service).” Feature Layer. Oregon State University GISci. https://uo-online.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=3f87d1e7ba2346f9bf155c3c7bb84405.
———————
Something On the Way
By Yihan Wang
Sources
John Reidy, President, GEARs: john.reidy2@verizon.net
Diza Hilles, Runner, Eugene Running Club: dhilles@msn.com
Justin Buzzell, Owner, Life Cycle Bike Shop lifecyclebikeshop@gmail.com
Will Conable, Owner, Willamette Valley Fishing Guides, will@willamettevalleyfishing.com
Margaret Miller, Air Quality Planner & Forester, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality: Margaret.Miller@state.or.us
———————
Saving Our Heroes
By: Donna Zehner
Sources
Story 1 – “Smoke Related Hazard Pay” – Article References:
Broyles, George. n.d. “Wildland Firefighter Smoke Exposure.”
Domitrovich, Joseph W, George A Broyles, Roger D Ottmar, Timothy E Reinhardt, Luke P Naeher, Michael T Kleinman, Kathleen M Navarro, Christopher E Mackay, and Olorunfemi Adetona. 2017. “Wildland Fire Smoke Health Effects on Wildland Firefighters and the Public.”
Dotson, Travis. n.d. “Fruit We Can Reach And the Tricky Transition from Bad Ass to Dumb Ass.”
Gabbert, Bill. 2018. “Study Shows Firefighters’ Exposure to Smoke Increases Disease Risk - Wildfire Today.” February 6, 2018. https://wildfiretoday.com/2018/02/06/study-shows-firefighters-exposure-smoke-increases-disease-risk/.
Johnston, Fay H., Sarah B. Henderson, Yang Chen, James T. Randerson, Miriam Marlier, Ruth S. DeFries, Patrick Kinney, David M.J.S. Bowman, and Michael Brauer. 2012. “Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires.” Environmental Health Perspectives 120 (5). https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104422.
Public Health Division. n.d. “Wildfire Smoke and Your Health.” Accessed November 11, 2022. https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/Preparedness/Prepare/Documents/OHA 8626 Wildfire FAQs-v6c.pdf.
Reid, E. Colleen, Michael Brauer, H. Fay, Johnston, Michael Jerrett, R. John Balmes, and T Catherine Elliott. 2016. “Critical Review of Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke Exposure.” Review 124 (9). https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/pdf/10.1289/ehp.1409277.
Reinhardt, Timothy E, and George Broyles. n.d. “Factors Affecting Smoke and Crystalline Silica Exposure among Wildland Firefighters.” Accessed January 27, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2018.1540873.
Rice, Mary B., Sarah B. Henderson, Allison A. Lambert, Kevin R. Cromar, John A. Hall, Wayne E. Cascio, Paul G. Smith, et al. 2021. “Respiratory Impacts of Wildland Fire Smoke: Future Challenges and Policy Opportunities. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.” Https://Doi.Org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202102-148ST 18 (6): 921–30. https://doi.org/10.1513/ANNALSATS.202102-148ST.
“TITLE I-FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS Subtitle A-Authorizations and Programs.” n.d. Accessed November 11, 2022. https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/hr3684/BILLS-117hr3684eas.pdf.
.
Story 1 – “Smoke Related Hazard Pay” – Image References:
“Forest Service, USDA’s Albums | Flickr.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/albums/with/72157693070321680.
Parks, Charity. 2020. “20200907_FS-Humboldt-Toiyabe NF-CP-ET5A9241 | Joy Billings, Public Domain.” 2020. https://www.flickr.com/photos/107640324@N05/50319300783/.
Zehner, Donna. 2022a. “Intense Fire.”
Zehner, Donna. 2022b. “Smoke Galore.”
Zehner, Donna. 2022c. “Wild Road Fire.”
.
Story 2 – “Smoke is Bad” – Article References:
American Lung Association. n.d. “Learn About Silicosis | American Lung Association.” Accessed November 13, 2022. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/silicosis/learn-about-silicosis.
Gaughan, Denise M., Paul D. Siegel, Michael D. Hughes, Chiung Yu Chang, Brandon F. Law, Corey R. Campbell, Jennifer C. Richards, et al. 2014. “Arterial Stiffness, Oxidative Stress, and Smoke Exposure in Wildland Firefighters.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 57 (7): 748. https://doi.org/10.1002/AJIM.22331.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. n.d. “Office of Satellite and Product Operations - Hazard Mapping System.” Accessed November 13, 2022. https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/land/hms.html.
“Pulmonary Fibrosis: What Is It, Causes, Symptoms, Testing & Treatment.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10959-pulmonary-fibrosis.
Reinhardt, Timothy E., and George Broyles. 2019. “Factors Affecting Smoke and Crystalline Silica Exposure among Wildland Firefighters.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 16 (2): 151–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2018.1540873.
“RX-410, Smoke Management Techniques, 2003 | NWCG.” n.d. Accessed November 13, 2022. https://www.nwcg.gov/publications/training-courses/rx-410.
Slaughter, James C., Jane Q. Koenig, and Timothy E. Reinhardt. 2010. “Association Between Lung Function and Exposure to Smoke Among Firefighters at Prescribed Burns.” Https://Doi-Org.Libproxy.Uoregon.Edu/10.1080/15459620490264490 1 (1): 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620490264490.
“Wildfire Smoke: A Guide for Public Health Officials | AirNow.Gov.” n.d. Accessed November 13, 2022. https://www.airnow.gov/publications/wildfire-smoke-guide/wildfire-smoke-a-guide-for-public-health-officials/.
.
Story 2 – “Smoke is Bad” – Image References:
Brenna Jones. 2018. “180723-FS-SHF-BJ-002 | USDA Forest Service Shasta Trinity Na… | Flickr.” June 23, 2018. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/44237381191/in/album-72157694705677710/.
“Coughing | Myllissa | Flickr.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.flickr.com/photos/myllissa/3155738928.
“Forest Service, USDA’s Albums | Flickr.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/albums/with/72157693070321680.
Keeling, Ralph F, and Heather D Graven. 2021. “Annual Review of Environment and Resources Insights from Time Series of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Related Tracers.” https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220.
Kreig Rasmussen. 2019. “20190620-FS-Fishlake-KR-001 | Fire Crew Assigned to the Mann… | Flickr.” June 20, 2019. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/48250132412/in/album-72157709559221441/.
Ling, April. 2022. “No Title.”
“NASA Image Use Policy | NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://gpm.nasa.gov/image-use-policy.
“Pulmonary Fibrosis: What Is It, Causes, Symptoms, Testing & Treatment.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10959-pulmonary-fibrosis.
Ricardo, Cecilio. 2021. “BlueRidgeHotShots-Lassen-Sept2021-066 | Brian Tai, Division … | Flickr.” October 2021. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/51540405914/in/album-72157719938160078/.
Robert. 2010. “Bicycle-Crash_blog | Robert | Flickr.” April 20, 2010. https://www.flickr.com/photos/robbophoto/5435782599/in/photolist-9hkNMD-9GabHo-grzvvF-grzxBz-8wubZn-dQSXAN-gK5UA1-RLgcR2-cUa4z-dVgLvp-7HHQJ-5EreiD-243umgF-fvx5Py-cf4cT3-5t9SkU-oEL91Q-5v2cnZ-bEwNWi-243utE8-4GDZM-D3HvM-9GekJh-c3uJRJ-7fu9Gb-6ytEjV-5FNj19-Poxd-4EiGsd-8wxdYJ-9XJzRz-7s6Ec-axPH2k-25aRsG-Z4iSfG-4Duawp-qDPk6c-6S5y8R-9DqCLD-7ubC5X-6BerrS-5HKnGH-eWRR7t-BPXS1-6Nyz7C-jJQj8-ShjnrW-ad7LzE-cubdrs-grypz5.
“Smoking Lung Medical Illustration on White Background , Man with Cigerette Stock Illustration - Illustration of Cigarette, Anatomy: 142329516.” n.d. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://www.dreamstime.com/smoking-lung-medical-illustration-white-background-man-cigerette-eps-image142329516.
Y Rosen, R Pullappa. 2008. “About Atlas of Pulmonary Pathology | Flickr.” September 2008. https://www.flickr.com/people/pulmonary_pathology/.
Zehner, Donna. 2022. “Last Pic of Pa.”
Zehner, Donna Creative Commons. 2022. “Smoke WLFF.”
.
Story 3 – “Facial Hair & Masks” – Article References:
CDC, Niosh, and NPPTL. n.d. “Facial Hairstyles and Filtering Facepiece Respirators CLEAN SHAVEN STUBBLE LONG STUBBLE FULL BEARD FRENCH FORK DUCKTAIL VERDI GARIBALDI BANDHOLZ.” Accessed May 14, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/respsource3fittest.html.
Osha, Oregon. 2022. Text of Rules to Address Employee Exposure to Wildfire Smoke.
Prince, Steven E., Hao Chen, Haiyan Tong, Jon Berntsen, Syed Masood, Kirby L. Zeman, Phillip W. Clapp, William D. Bennett, and James M. Samet. 2021. “Assessing the Effect of Beard Hair Lengths on Face Masks Used as Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 31 (6): 953–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41370-021-00337-1.
Smaritan Health Services. 2022. “Now Is the Time to Upgrade Your Mask.” 2022. https://www.samhealth.org/about-samaritan/news-search/2022/02/10/upgrade-your-mask-to-n95-for-best-protection.
.
Story 3 – “Facial Hair & Masks” – Image References:
CDC, Niosh, and NPPTL. n.d. “Facial Hairstyles and Filtering Facepiece Respirators CLEAN SHAVEN STUBBLE LONG STUBBLE FULL BEARD FRENCH FORK DUCKTAIL VERDI GARIBALDI BANDHOLZ.” Accessed May 14, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/respsource3fittest.html.
DNR, Alaska. 2016. “Pioneer Pear Interagency Hotshot Crew Members.” 2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1144851065578183&set=a.1144850935578196.
Forest Service, USDA. 2017. “171211-FS-LosPadres-KG-007 | Thomas Fire, Ventura, CA, Los P… | Flickr.” Public Domain. December 13, 2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/39136746052/in/album-72157674964330963/.
.
Story 4 – “The Beginning Not the End” – Article References:
“NWCG | NWCG Is an Operational Group Designed to Coordinate Programs of the Participating Wildfire Management Agencies.” n.d. Accessed November 6, 2022. https://www.nwcg.gov/.
Osha, Oregon. 2022. Text of Rules to Address Employee Exposure to Wildfire Smoke.
“Our Resources | National Interagency Fire Center.” n.d. Accessed November 6, 2022. https://www.nifc.gov/resources.
.
Story 4 – “The Beginning Not the End” – Image References:
Broyles, George. n.d. “Wildland Firefighter Smoke Exposure.”
Forest Service. 2017. “171209-FS-LosPadres-KG-006 | Thomas Fire, Ventura, CA, Los P… | Flickr.” December 10, 2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/25268222568/in/album-72157674964330963/.
Garcia, Dee Dee. 2017. “171213-FS-Lospadres-DDG-001 | (Courtesy Photo by Dee Dee Gar… | Flickr.” December 20, 2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/24315254627/in/album-72157674964330963/.
Greer, Karl. 2016. “20160827-FS-Boise-KG-101 | The Pioneer Fire, Boise National … | Flickr.” August 30, 2016. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/41491612300/in/album-72157693070321680/.
Heitordp. 2020. “File:Blank US Map (States Only).Svg - Wikimedia Commons.” December 1, 2020. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_US_Map_(states_only).svg.
Ivie, Jill. 2019. “20190620-FS-Fishlake-JI-001.” 2019. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/48250138237/in/album-72157709559221441/.